Can Oil Pulling Remove Tartar
Niger Med J. 2022 Mar-Apr; 56(2): 143–147.
Issue of coconut oil in plaque related gingivitis — A preliminary report
Faizal C. Peedikayil
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
Prathima Sreenivasan
aneDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
Arun Narayanan
2Department of Periodontics, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, Republic of india
Abstract
Background:
Oil pulling or oil swishing therapy is a traditional process in which the practitioners rinse or swish oil in their oral fissure. Information technology is supposed to cure oral and systemic diseases merely the evidence is minimal. Oil pulling with sesame oil and sunflower oil was found to reduce plaque related gingivitis. Coconut oil is an easily available edible oil. It is unique considering information technology contains predominantly medium chain fatty acids of which 45-50 percentage is lauric acid. Lauric acid has proven anti inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. No studies have been done on the benefits of oil pulling using coconut oil to appointment. So a pilot report was planned to assess the outcome of kokosnoot oil pulling on plaque induced gingivitis.
Materials and Methods:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of kokosnoot oil pulling/oil swishing on plaque germination and plaque induced gingivitis. A prospective interventional study was carried out. 60 age matched adolescent boys and girls in the age-group of 16-18 years with plaque induced gingivitis were included in the study and oil pulling was included in their oral hygiene routine. The study flow was 30 days. Plaque and gingival indices of the subjects were assessed at baseline days 1,7,fifteen and 30. The data was analyzed using paired t examination.
Results:
A statistically significant decrease in the plaque and gingival indices was noticed from 24-hour interval 7 and the scores continued to subtract during the period of study.
Conclusion:
Oil pulling using kokosnoot oil could be an constructive adjuvant procedure in decreasing plaque formation and plaque induced gingivitis.
Keywords: Coconut oil, oil pulling, plaque induced gingivitis
INTRODUCTION
Oral health is of prime importance to all individuals. Oral hygiene habits are instilled in childhood itself irrespective of the nationality or geographic location of an individual. The most reliable and accustomed method of oral hygiene maintenance the world over are mechanical methods of tooth cleaning but adjuvants for decreasing plaque formation and maintaining oral hygiene have been sought. Presently chemotherapeutic agents are used as adjuvant agents to reduce plaque formation merely they take their ain disadvantages.1
Kavala graha or Gandoosha 2 are procedures recommended for oral hygiene maintenance in ayurveda. They are elaborately mentioned in the texts of Charaka Samhita and Sushrutha's Samhitha. It is described every bit a procedure in which an individual takes a comfy amount of oil/medicated oil and holds it or swishes it in the rima oris. When the oil turns thin and milky white it is spit out without swallowing.2
Dr. F. Karach popularised this procedure as oil pulling.iii He claimed that oil pulling can cure several illnesses including oral diseases, simply his claims were not supported by prove. Contempo studies of oil pulling therapy using sunflower oilfour and sesame oil5 were establish to decrease plaque induced gingivitis. Fifty-fifty though kokosnoot oil is used for gargling amidst the people in coconut farming communities, no studies have been done on the benefits of oil pulling using coconut oil, to date.
Coconut oil is an edible oil and is consumed equally a role of the staple diet in many tropical countries. Coconut oil is a highly desired and hands bachelor oil in India. Information technology is used in cooking and for its cosmetic properties. Kokosnoot oil is dissimilar from nearly other dietary oils considering the predominant composition of coconut oil is a medium chain fatty acid, whereas in the majority of other oils the basic building blocks are near entirely long chain fatty acids. This influences the physical and chemical properties of the oil. Coconut oil contains 92% saturated acids, approximately 50% of which is lauric acid. Human chest milk is the only other naturally occurring substance with such a high concentration of lauric acrid. Lauric acid has proven anti-inflammatory effects and antimicrobial effects.vi ,7 ,8
Therefore a study was conducted to assess the upshot of coconut oil on plaque formation and plaque related gingivitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The aim of the report was to evaluate the upshot of coconut oil pulling/oil swishing on plaque germination and to evaluate the event on plaque induced gingivitis. A prospective interventional written report was carried out. A total of sixty age matched subjects in the age-group of 16-18 years with plaque induced gingivitis were included in the study. Informed consent was taken for their inclusion in the study. The use of systemic or topical antibiotics and the history of dental treatment in the past 1 calendar month were set as exclusion criteria. All the subjects were recruited into a single group. There was no control group in the written report. The study was designed to compare the baseline values and the post intervention values in a single group performing kokosnoot oil pulling in improver to their oral hygiene routine.
A thorough history regarding the medical condition and the medication taken in the by 6 months was obtained from the subjects. The oral hygiene habits of all the subjects were recorded in detail. All the called subjects had a habit of brushing once or twice a solar day with toothbrush and paste. Half dozen subjects had the habit of flossing once in the night along with brushing twice a solar day. The subjects were advised to routinely perform oil pulling with kokosnoot oil every solar day in the morning in addition to their oral hygiene routine. Five subjects discontinued from the study equally they could not tolerate the taste of the oil and three subjects discontinued from the report because of antibiotic usage during the menses.
Modified Gingival Alphabetize9 and Plaque Index10 were used as the clinical measures to assess gingival inflammation and plaque formation respectively. The clinical test was performed by two independent observers. All subjects were assessed around iv hrs after performing oil pulling. Plaque and gingival indices were measured at baseline that is, and on days 1, 7, 15, 30 later the oil pulling routine was started. The terminal scores were statistically analyzed using the students paired t test. Interobserver agreement was measured using the kappa coefficient.
RESULTS
Reliability of clinical examination was tested for all the days of assessment and the interexaminer reliability was found to be substantial to good. The Kappa coefficient scores were in the range of 65-92 [Table 1a and b]. The mean gingival alphabetize was 0.91 and the plaque index was 1.19 at baseline. In comparison to the baseline values both the gingival and the plaque indices substantially reduced during the menstruation of assessment. In that location was a steady decline in both the plaque index and the gingival alphabetize values from day seven. The average gingival alphabetize score on day 30 was down to 0.401 and the plaque alphabetize score was 0.385 [Figures one and 2]. Statistical analysis using the paired t test showed that the subtract was statistically meaning [Tables 2 and 3].
Table 1a
Kappa scores for modified gingival index
Table 1b
Kappa scores for plaque index
Shows the mean and standard departure of plaque alphabetize scores
Shows the mean and standard difference of gingival index scores
Tabular array 2
Comparison of plaque index scores between baseline, 7, 15, and 30 days
Tabular array three
Comparison of gingival index scores between baseline, xv, thirty and 45 days
Give-and-take
The principal crusade of gingival inflammation is plaque. Dental plaque is defined clinically as a structured, resilient substance that adheres to intraoral difficult surfaces and is equanimous of bacteria in a matrix of salivary glycoprotein and extracellular polysaccharides. Plaque induced gingivitis is the result of an interaction betwixt plaque and the tissues and the inflammatory response of the host. It is associated with the subtle microbial alterations as the plaque matures.11 ,12
Oral hygiene measures using chemo mechanical procedures reduce the incidence of plaque related diseases by decreasing the plaque accumulation. Our study aimed at checking the effectiveness of oil pulling with coconut oil as an adjuvant to brushing, in decreasing the plaque accumulation and plaque induced gingivitis. Plaque Index by Sillness and Loex and Modified Gingival Index9 were used for clinical assessment in the study equally they are the most widely used indices in trials for therapeutic agents.13 Oil pulling with sunflower oil was plant to significantly reduce plaque index and gingival alphabetize later 45 days.4 Asokan et al., found oil pulling therapy with sesame oil was as constructive equally chlorhexidine in decreasing plaque induced gingivitis.v In our study as well at that place was a pregnant decrease in the plaque and the gingival index at the end of 30 days.
There are various hypotheses on the mechanisms by which oil pulling may human action in decreasing the plaque and gingival index. In oil pulling, as the oil is swished in the mouth the mechanical shear forces exerted on the oil leads to its emulsification and the surface area of the oil is profoundly increased. The oil film thus formed on the surface of the teeth and the gingiva tin can reduce plaque adhesion and bacterial co aggregation.five
It was also proposed that the alkalis in the saliva can react with the oil leading to saponification and formation of a soap like substance [Effigy iii] which can reduce the adhesion of plaque.5 ,fourteen Coconut oil has a high saponification value and is 1 of the near unremarkably used oil in making soaps. The soaps produced with coconut oil tin can soap well and have an increased cleansing activeness.15 The lauric acid in the coconut oil can easily react with sodium hydroxide in saliva during oil pulling to form sodium laureate, the primary constituent of lather16 which might be responsible for the cleansing action and decreased plaque accumulation.
The significant reduction in gingivitis tin be attributed to decreased plaque accumulation and the anti-inflammatory, emollient effect of coconut oil. In animal studies kokosnoot oil was found to be an effective burn wound healing agent and this was attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties.17 Kokosnoot oil showed moderate anti-inflammatory furnishings on ethyl phenylpropiolate induced ear edema in rats, and carrageenin and arachidonic acid-induced paw edema.xviii It was found be constructive and safe when used equally an emollient and moisturiser.nineteen
In that location are many commercially available mouthwashes. Chlorhexidine containing mouthwashes take been found to exist the most effective amongst them. Listerine (phenol compound) and Meridol (an amine/stannous fluoride mouthwash) were constitute to be less efficacious than Chlorhexidine in controlling plaque induced gingivitis. (Listerine) and (Meridol). After 3 weeks of rinsing, plaque indices remained the everyman in the chlorhexidine grouping, while subjects using Listerine or Meridol the score were similar but significantly lower than that of individuals rinsing with the placebo solution. The antimicrobial potential of chlorhexidine was institute to be the highest followed past Meridol.20 In our study there was a 50% subtract in the plaque and gingival index scores in four weeks which is comparable to the subtract produced by chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine on long term use alters taste sensation and produces brownish staining on the teeth which is very difficult to remove. The mucous membranes and the natural language can also be afflicted and may be related to the precipitation of chromogenic dietary factors on to the teeth and mucous membranes.21 Staining is likewise associated with the of long term employ of Phenol compound and stannous fluoride containing oral fissure washes.22 In the present study in that location were no reported alterations in the gustatory modality or noticeable staining from kokosnoot oil at the end of four weeks.
As an antimicrobial agent, chlorhexidine is effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Its antibacterial action is due to an increase in cellular membrane permeability followed by coagulation of the cytoplasmic macromolecules.23 ,24 ,25 Information technology has also been shown that chlorhexidine can reduce the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to epithelial cells.26 Pure-culture studies of 10 oral bacteria (eight genera) showed that Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella nigrescens, and the streptococci were highly susceptible to CHX, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, were less susceptible.27
Studies bear witness that coconut oil also has substantial antimicrobial activeness. This is attributed to the presence of monolaurin in coconut oil. It is shown to take significant antimicrobial activeness against Escherichia vulneris, Enterobcater spp., Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp., including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea and C. krusei 7 ,28 Studies also evidence that coconut oil is affective against S. mutans and C. albicans in an in vitro oral biofilm model.29 The antimicrobial say-so of coconut oil was non tested in our study. Further studies with a have been planned to check the antimicrobial potential of coconut oil. The fact that a command grouping with a proven chemotherapeutic amanuensis was not used is the major the limitation of our study.
Decision
Oil pulling has been proven to be an effective method in reducing plaque formation and plaque induced gingivitis. This preliminary written report shows that coconut oil is an easily usable, safe and price effective agent with minimal side effects which can be used as an adjuvant in oral hygiene maintenance. More studies on the antimicrobial potency of coconut oil on microorganisms causing oral diseases is required to authenticate the use of kokosnoot oil every bit an effective oral antimicrobial agent. Further studies on coconut oil with a big number of subjects and comparative studies using various chemotherapeutic agents can ameliorate the quality of evidence.
Footnotes
Source of Support: Nil
Conflict of Involvement: None declared.
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Can Oil Pulling Remove Tartar,
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